This work aimed to validate the usefulness of subjective and objective determination of nuclear morphological characteristics in cytological samples of canine mammary tumors and check their predictive utility. Samples of 34 patients who were followed up for 18 months post surgery, were studied, situation that allowed survival curves confection.Clinical staging at diagnosis was made. The samples were obtained by fine needle punction, colored with hematoxylin and eosin and cytologic diagnosis and nuclear graduation were performed. The Leica Application Suite 3.4.1 Program was used for measurements, calculating the average nuclear diameter, the average nuclear area, the average nuclear perimeter and roundness index. All of these nuclear morphometric parameters are considered of prognostic value in human medicine. In this analysis, a gradual increase in morphometric values of each parameter was observed. In accordance with higher nuclear graduation and clinical stages and also, in histological types considered of worse prognosis. Survival curves showed statistical differences when comparing nuclear degrees. The findings obtained here, support the predictive quality of determination of nuclear grade and its morphometric parameters.

El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo comprobar la utilidad y el valor predictivo de la determinación de características morfológicas nucleares subjetivas y objetivas, en muestras citológicas de tumores mamarios caninos. Se estudiaron muestras de 34 pacientes, las cuales fueron controladas hasta 18 meses post cirugía, lo que permitió la confección de curvas de supervivencia. Se realizó la estadificación clínica al momento de la consulta, el citodiagnóstico y la determinación del grado nuclear de las muestras obtenidas por punción y coloreadas con hematoxilina y eosina. Para las mediciones se utilizó el programa Leica Application Suite 3.4.1., calculándose el diámetro nuclear promedio, área nuclear promedio, perímetro nuclear promedio e índice de redondez, todos ellos parámetros cariométricos de valor pronóstico en medicina humana. Los resultados señalaron un aumento gradual de los valores morfométricos de cada parámetro, coincidentes con el aumento de la graduación nuclear, del estadio clínico, así como de los tipos histopatológicos considerados de peor pronóstico. Las curvas de supervivencia mostraron diferencias significativas al comparar los grados nucleares. Los hallazgos efectuados respaldan la cualidad predictiva de estas herramientas diagnósticas.

This classification, proposed by the American College of Veterinary Pathologist´s Oncology Comittee and Word Small Animal Veterinary Association, was assessed by comparing the malignancy grade of each tumor and patient´s survival. Fifty bitches with spontaneous mammary neoplasms were clinically followed during 18 month after mastectomy to determine Kaplan-Meier survival curves. The studied neoplasms were diagnosed as carcinomas of the following varieties: tubular (4), tubulopapillary (8), micropapillary invasive (1), anaplastic (1), complex type (17), mixed type (15) and carcinoma and malignant myoepithelioma (4). Histological graduation showed 19 cases of grade I, 29 cases of grade II, with only 2 cases diagnosed as grade III. Considering the results, a complete correlation between each variety of this classification and a specific evolution is not possible with current information

El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo determinar el valor pronóstico de la aplicación de la clasificación histológica avalada por la Asociación Mundial de Veterinaria de Pequeños Animales para los tumores mamarios caninos, al relacionarla con el grado histológico de malignidad de cada tumor y la sobrevida de las pacientes. Se trabajó con tumores mamarios de 50 hembras caninas cuya evolución post-mastectomía fue objeto de seguimiento durante 18 meses para determinar su sobrevida, por medio de curvas de Kaplan-Meier. Todos los casos estudiados fueron carcinomas de las siguientes variedades: simple tubular (4), simple túbulopapilar (8), micropapilar invasor (1), anaplásico (1), de tipo complejo (17), de tipo mixto (15) y carcinoma y mioepitelioma maligno (4). La graduación histológica de malignidad mostró la siguiente distribución: grado I (19), grado II (29) y grado III (2). Los resultados hallados no permiten aún correlacionar cada variedad de esta clasificación histológica con un pronóstico determinado

A cytogenetic study of canine breast carcinomas was performed in order to identify the occurrence of chromosomal abnormalities. Samples of spontaneous canine mammary tumors were submitted for histopathological evaluation and for cytogenetic analysis. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used for the former and conventional Giemsa staining and NOR banding were performed for the latter. Chromosomal breaks and/or gaps affecting autosomes and sex chromosomes were seen in 5 of a total of 14 cases. The percentage of metaphases with abnormal chromosomes was 61%, the average number of metaphase`s chromosomes affected was 1.26, while a media of 1.47 breaks and/or gaps was seen per metaphase. These alterations were observed in complex and simple carcinomas. We propose to include this type of cytogenetic study in addition to routine techniques in order to improve the diagnosis and prognosis prediction.

Se realizó un estudio citogenético de carcinomas de mama en hembras caninas con el fin de identificar la ocurrencia de anomalías cromosómicas. Las muestras se obtuvieron de neoplasias mamarias espontáneas y fueron sometidas a evaluación histopatológica y análisis citogenético. Para el primero se utilizó la tinción de hematoxilina y eosina y para el segundo la coloración convencional de Giemsa y bandeo NOR. En 5 oportunidades, de un total de 14 casos estudiados, se observaron quiebres y/o gaps afectando autosomas y cromosomas sexuales. La proporción de metafases verificada en cromosomas anormales fue de 61%, el número promedio de cromosomas afectados por metafase fue de 1,26, mientras que la media de quiebres y/o gaps por metafases fue de 1,47. Estas alteraciones se observaron en carcinomas complejos y simples. Se propone incorporar este tipo de estudio citogenético a las técnicas de rutina con el fin de complementar el diagnóstico y pronóstico de la afección.

This work aims to communicate the determination of estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) in mammary tumors of 34 canine patients whose evolution after eighteen months post surgery was known. Its presence was associated with clinical staging of patients, histological type, histological grading of the malignancy, and evolution. Immunostaining was performed by biotin-streptavidin-peroxidase system. Positive ERβ immunostaining was observed in nuclei of carcinoma cells, myoepithelial cells and chondrocites. It was determined the percentage of nuclei immunolabeled according to histological type (simple carcinoma: 51%, complex carcinoma: 61%, mixed carcinoma: 63%), histologic grade of malignancy (GHI: 60% and GHII: 61%), the clinical stage (ECI: 68%, ECII: 56%, ECIII: 59%, ECIV: 58% and ECV 58%) and in accordance with survival at 18 months (live: 61% and dead: 60%). These results show higher percentages in groups of better prognosis (although no significant differences were established) in coincidence with the opinions expressed by others, except in reference to the histological grade of malignancy. These conflicting data suggest that further analysis to assess ERβ prognostic potential in canine mammary tumors is needed.

El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo determinar la presencia de receptores de estrógenos beta (REβ) en neoplasias mamarias malignas y relacionarla con otros parámetros de significación conocida. Se realizó la inmunomarcación por el sistema de biotina-estreptavidina-peroxidasa para REβ en muestras obtenidas de 34 pacientes caninas con un seguimiento hasta dieciocho meses post cirugía. Se determinó el porcentaje de núcleos inmunomarcados según el tipo histológico (carcinoma simple: 51%, carcinoma complejo: 62%, carcinoma tumor mixto: 62%) y el grado histológico de malignidad de las neoplasias (GHI: 60% y GHII: 61%); el estadio clínico (ECI: 69%, ECII: 56%, ECIII: 59%, ECIV: 58% y ECV: 58%) y la sobrevida de las pacientes (vivas: 62% y muertas: 60%). Los resultados revelaron porcentajes de REβ más elevados, sólo en algunos grupos de mejor pronóstico, en coincidencia con lo expresado por otros autores. Se demuestra que en la especie canina, los hallazgos comunicados no son uniformes con respecto al valor pronóstico de este marcador.

Descreve-se a sintomatología e o tratamento de dois cães picados por cascavel da America do Sul (Crotalus durissus terrificus) na Argentina. Sinais neurológicos foram evidentes poucos minutos após o acidente, incluindo anestesia local, ataxia do membro afetado e fascia neurotóxica. As enzimas aminotransferase da alanina, aminotransferase do aspartato, quinase da creatinina, desidrogenase de lactato e o cálcio foram determinados para analisar dano muscular. Falha renal não foi observada, mas algunas alterações foram detectadas na urina, incluindo densidade baixa, sedimento com grumos granulares e células pequenas redondas. Biópsias de músculo foram obtidas de ambas as pernas para histopatología, revelando edema e fibras necróticas isoladas. Ambos os cães receberam tratamento quatro horas após o acidente, pela via intravenosa. A antitoxina foi administrada diluída em 250ml de solução Ringer lactato na dose capaz de neutralizar 8mg de toxina. Dexametasona foi aplicada antes de administrar a antitoxina. A evolução clínica foi boa e ambos os pacientes estavam com boa saúde no segundo dia após o acidente.

The symptomatology and treatment of two dogs bitten by Crotalus durissus terrificus are described. Neurological signs were present few minutes after the accident with local anesthesia and ataxia of the affected limb and neurotoxic fascia. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and calcium were evaluated in an attempt to investigate muscle damage. Renal failure was not observed but some alterations were detected in urine. Urine density was low and the urinary sediment contained granular clumps and small round cells. Muscle samples were obtained from both legs for histopathological study, showing edema and isolated necrotic fibers. Both dogs received treatment within four hours after the accident by intravenous route. The antivenom was administered diluted in 250ml of Ringer solution in a dose enough to inactivate more than 8mg of venom. Dexamethasone was applied previously to the antivenom. Clinical evolution was good and both patients were in good health condition on the second day after the accident.